Literacy Criticism of Woody Allen film Manhattan Essay

Proficiency Criticism of Woody Allen film Manhattan - Essay Example . what's more, um... the second development of the Jupiter Symphony... what's more, um... Louis Armstrong, recording of Potato Head Blues... um... Swedish motion pictures, normally... Nostalgic Education by Flaubert... uh... Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra... um... those unfathomable Apples and Pears by Cezanne... uh... the crabs at Sam Wos... uh... Tracys face.. This discourse of Isaac (Woody Allen) uncovered the way of thinking and theory of the film Manhattan. It revealed Isaac’s ordinary understanding of life that he needs to make a â€Å"fantasy† to make presence tolerable. In the event that we notice the substance of his discourse, there is nothing powerful about it except for is somewhat limited to the feel of life, for example, Groucho Marx, Wilie Mays, second development of the Jupiter Symphony, Louis Armstrong, recording of Potato Head Blues, Swedish motion pictures, Sentimental Education by Flaubert, Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra, the crabs at Sam Wo and Tracy’s face (his multi year old darling whom he separated to have a relationship with Mary and later endeavored to return at her). It additionally uncovered Woody Allen’s (who happened to compose the film likewise) aesthetic tendency of his translation about existence. The delay, content and appearing disjointedness of this discourse places that for an individual living in a city like Manhattan have a significance throughout everyday life, one needs to make a fanstasy, loaded up with guilty pleasure (Crabs at Wo’s) and style. For Woody Allen, life is fundamentally aimless that one needs to search for interruptions through dream to fill the void. In Allen’s viewpoint, this interruptions will get our brain far from the appalling truth and certainties of life. That after the entirety of our interest, passing will in the end come after an inescapable affliction, and we will all bite the dust. That is the way things are, that we should engage ourselves in the middle. While I respect the masterful rendering of Woody Allen’s film Manhattan, I don't really concur with his postulation that we need to divert ourselves from the

Starbucks Alignment Goals Strategic Goals -Myassognmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Starbucks Alignment Goals Strategic Goals? Answer: Presentation In estimating the arrangement of Starbucks Human Resource objectives, with association methodology, it is imperative to inspect the companys HR objectives so as to find out the degree to which they spread the extent of the companys key objectives, vision and mission. With its global nearness, Starbucks HR work includes enrollment and determination, wellbeing and soundness of the laborers, preparing and improvement, just as work connections (Jack J. Phillips, 2016). Furthermore, Starbucks is centered around re-appropriating of its capacities in abroad in accordance with the companys key development plan. The Human asset office has been viable in adjusting the HR objectives to authoritative procedure as pondered the as of late announced companys most reduced turnover rate. The companys HR technique of holding workers has put the HR division on a high platform as far as dynamic as thought about the top notch execution of the organization. Starbucks values the HR office in light of the fact that as per its proprietor Howard Schultz, the human asset office is the most significant resource of the association (Director, Cascio, Boudreau, 2013). In such manner, the human asset office has after some time been overseen in a way that mirrors the hierarchical objectives so as to have an upper hand over its rivals. To improve a constructive result, the organization has placed accentuation of enlistment so as to create a pool of qualified, moral and people with trustworthiness in conveying the administrations to the admirers of espresso and different drinks that Starbucks gives on retail. For example, Starbucks has set up a specific models of determination with the end goal that the people chose as representatives must fit the lawful necessities and the board objectives. In addition, it is a prerequisite that the chose people must be fruitful on their activity so as to drive the companys shared destinations and objectives to the following level (Niven Lamorte, 2016). Such individuals must be focused on conveyance of amazing t administrations and the individuals who focus on fine subtleties and clients needs. HR the executives in any association is esteemed as an accomplice to driving the authoritative procedure in conveying key changes. For example, Starbucks has an exceptionally low consistency standard of representatives since they offer preparing open doors for worker advancement. When representatives are prepared, the companys standard for dependability diminishes as they can work across other system of establishments. The way that Starbucks representatives are employable over the scope of establishments raises the companys notoriety and its worth changes. The part of conveying the best assistance regarding quality espresso mug just as the capacity to collaborate with clients is one of the significant HR accomplishments in driving change which is profoundly steady and adjusted to the companys objective of being giving the best help and demystifying the refreshment administration. The utilization of frameworks point of view in adjusting HR objectives and hierarchical technique is fundamental since it helps in making sense of how to change the framework so as to improve the arrangement. A ton of interrelationships are made inside the HR framework and between the organizations technique and HR framework (Becker, Huselid, Ulrich, 2001). Utilization of frameworks see in adjusting HR objectives and firms technique is better done through improvement of System Alignment Map which has the accompanying advantages It helps in imagining the arrangement to see precisely where changes are required and fundamental It consolidates points of view from the entire association by allotting assignments to explicit representative gatherings It depends on the best logical standards of estimation and is anything but difficult to direct. References Becker, B. E., Huselid, M. A., Ulrich, D. (2001). The HR Scorecard: Linking People, Strategy, and Performance. Brighton, Boston: Harvard Business Press. Chief, S., Cascio, W., Boudreau, J. (2013). Key Tools for Human Resource Management (Collection). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: FT Press. Jack J. Phillips, P. P. (2016). Responsibility in Human Resource Management: Connecting HR to Business Results. London: Routledge. Niven, P. R., Lamorte, B. (2016). Goals and Key Results: Driving Focus, Alignment, and Engagement with OKRs. Hobboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons,.

Sample on Financial Markets

Sample on Financial Markets Essay on Financial Markets Feb 4, 2019 in Business The Role of Financial Markets in Creating Wealth Financial markets play a crucial role in creating economic wealth in the United States of America. A well-functioning financial sector creates incentives for investment and forester trading and help in the creation of business linkages. In fact, financial markets can be used as an indicator of how an economy is fairing (Ritter Silber, 2004). Financial market creates wealth by transforming savings into investments which translates to investment incomes. Financial market mobilizes savings for productive investments and facilitates capital inflows. This stimulates investment both in human and physical resources. It is also the role of financial market to channel Americans savings to more productive uses by analyzing and collecting information about investment opportunities in the economy (Ritter Silber, 2004).

My Love Of Basketball - 1060 Words

Basketball is my favorite sport because of how it is played and the style that the sport includes. I love basketball and it all started with my friend Brendon, at the time I was playing soccer before I found Brendon outside shooting a ball into a net I asked him what he was doing and he said playing basketball. I asked him if I could play with him and he said yes, at that moment I knew I would love basketball. Thats when I converted over from soccer to basketball, I would practice basketball everyday and try to get better and better. I became addicted to playing the sport and got super dedicated and kept practicing, my parents finally noticed, and they wanted to put me in a summer league and help me get better, which was the best†¦show more content†¦I kept going and going and going I didnt stop playing I was going to my full potential and didnt stop because I wanted to the best ever to play the game of basketball. My dad started to play basketball with me and I showed him w hat I have learned playing by myself and getting better, he couldnt believe how good I was getting. He was going hardcore against me now and I was ready the difficulty was rising and the pressure was all on me. I started and I played against him and it was hard to beat him but I one with a three pointer which was awesome. Something terrible happened... I tore my ACL I couldnt play anymore, no more summer league, no more anything!!! It was over for me and I couldnt play. I tried going back in the gym and I couldnt play because it hurt so bad, so my dad took me to the doctor and they did a little look up on it, they said I couldnt play for about 6 to 9 months. This was the worst thing ever for my basketball life and for teammates. My parents were devastated that I couldnt play and so was I. I kept going to the gym to help my ACL get better but, I didnt go hardcore when I was playing basketball because of my torn ACL. My dad would come to the gym with me sometimes and play with me just to help my ACL get better and just to make sure I can get it back in shape.Show MoreRelatedThe Love Of Love : My Love For Basketball835 Words   |  4 Pagesto them or that hobby that they really care about. For me personally, my family is very caring and I was raised to be a caring person so I have a lot of things that I care for. Specifically basketball is something that I have a great passion for I definitely have a lot of care for this sport. December 13th, 2013 was just an ordinary day for most people, but for me and my teammates on the Navasota Junior High basketball team it was game day. I woke up with a little extra burst of energy becauseRead MoreI Love Basketball Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagessport of basketball is known as a fun past time for any person young or old. Basketball is a great way of exercise and a great way to have fun with friends and possibly make some new ones. I love to watch and play the game, basketball is a very entertaining sport and can be played by anyone. Basketball has many negative and positive things about it based on my opinion. Basketball is known as a good pastime in many people’s eyes but can also be seen as a passion for many others. Basketball in my opinionRead MoreBasketball Skills Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesAndrew Lorentz Prof Berkhof PE 141 Basketball Skills 10/14/09 Basketball Skills Reflective Assessment Essay Basketball Skills was a great physical education class because I got to improve my overall basketball skills and learn some exact specifics about the sport I love to play the most. I’ve been playing basketball since I was very young and will continue to throughout my life. I have quite a few strengths while playing basketball. One is that I am a skilled ball handlerRead MoreAirports And Airplanes : I Was A Dream For Me1107 Words   |  5 PagesAirports/Airplanes I love traveling. If I could travel my whole life without stopping, I most certainly would. The idea of going to new places, experiencing a new culture, and embarking on unique journeys is beautiful to me and my favorite way to travel is through airplanes. I have always wanted to fly, if I could have any superpower, it would be the power of flight, so naturally airplanes are a dream for me. I love the sensation of taking off as the plane rises to the sky and you commence whateverRead MoreBasketball Is A Sport For The Campus Of Eastern Michigan University ( Emu )1145 Words   |  5 PagesBasketball is a sport that requires a lot of time and effort to be good at. It’s a sport that keeps some people in shape, some people involved with a community, and gives others an opportunity to meet new people. The recreation basketball community I am looking into is the one on the campus of Eastern Michigan University (EMU). Every day there is a multitude of people playing basketball i n either the Recreation Center (REC) or on the courts outside of the student center. The people that makeRead MoreWe Started Every Year Of Dixie Basketball Camp946 Words   |  4 Pagesanswer, of course, was â€Å"Yes sir, fired up, sir!† This was how we started every year of Dixie Basketball Camp as we came together in the Southwest Mississippi Community College (SMCC) auditorium. It is hard to explain what the Dixie Basketball Camp is all about. Experiencing it is really the only way of knowing. Dixie teaches kids every year the value of hard work along with the fundamentals of basketball. The camp has a unique and special enthusiasm, filled with cheering and chants, many of whichRead More3 Most Important Things in My Life999 Words   |  4 PagesThe Most Important Things in my Life By Vasilios Politis Professor C. Simpson ENC 1101-293 17 June 2008 Politis i Outline T: The three things that are most important to me are my family, basketball, and most importantly, being remembered for something great. I. The most important thing in my life right now is my family. A. My family will always be there for me and give me the guidance and support that I need. 1. My family has helped me to get my act together and get back inRead More Basketball and My Life Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesBasketball and my life I have throughout my whole life been playing sports. I still play basketball competitively and now it’s at the university level. Basketball though was not my first love when it came to playing sports. It has though become my true focus since junior high school. Coming from Canada everybody plays hockey. Its almost as if as soon as you learn to walk you learn how to skate. Whether it is at the recreation centre or at the shinny rink around the corner everyone playsRead MoreLife Is Like A Basketball Court803 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Life is like a basketball, it bounces up and down.† I love basketball. I feel affection for the taste of victory, when you win a game. However, I also find losing a worthwhile experience. I worship the feeling where you score a point. It’s slow motion at first, as you gaze at the shot you’ve made, wondering if it is going to manage. Then the taste of your salty sweat and the sound of your pounding heart are back in acti on. *Swoosh* the ball rapidly swirls into the hoop and falls through the netRead MoreWhy I Love Basketball945 Words   |  4 PagesIn my free time, I enjoy a plethora of activities but I have come to the conclusion that basketball is my all-time favorite pastime. Watching the sport on television is just as enjoyable as playing it. Strangely, basketball has always seemed to permeate my life in one way or another. Sometimes, I feel like I was born to dream, live, and even sleep thinking about basketball. Basketball is such an amazing sport and I cannot fathom living in a world in which the sport did not exist

Analysis Of George Faber s The Great Gatsby By F....

her. Rather than being supportive, she almost instantly develops paranoia about Beatty, their friends, and the other firefighters finding out about the books. Eventually, she unexpectedly exposes Montag’s possession of the books in their home. Faber is a character that is introduced into the novel towards the end and is the most relatable character to Montag at this point. It s not books you need, it s some of the things that once were in books (Bradbury, 78). When Montag reveals to his wife, Mildred, that he is in possession of books, he reminisces back to a year prior when he met Faber in a field. He knew then that Faber also did not support the censorship, but rather, he just didn’t voice his opinion on it for fear of his own life.†¦show more content†¦His encounter with Mrs. Blake shows his compassion for her and the impact that her incident has on him afterwards is very telling of his opinion and his personality. Montag’s relationship with Faber forces him to completely open up and settle in his own opinion of how he feels about the burning of the books and the homes of those who possess them. As the protagonist of the novel, Montag reveals to the audience how important it is to stand on your ow n, rather than conform to society based on what society makes you think that you must do or how you must think. Ray Bradbury s use of censorship in Fahrenheit 451 sends a strong message about freedom that applies to not only the subjects in the non-fiction novel, but also relates to various cultures and societies throughout all of history. It is incredibly ironic how much this relates to today’s society, despite being published in 1950. In 2017, self-censorship has become incredibly prevalent in many aspects. With the rapid expansion and advancement in technology, society as a whole is practicing self-censorship more and more in all aspects of society. Whether it be via the news, on the internet through social media, or simply out in public, it is impossible to not come across some type of censorship and with examples of perspectives that replicate those of the characters in Fahrenheit 451. Social media and the news are filled with self-censorship. For

What can you learn from this source about attitudes to women in Britain in 1914 Free Essays

Source A basically reveals that women should pressurise their husbands/sons to fight in the war. Women should support men in their war and encourage them to volunteer/enlist to fight in the war even if they don’t want to. The Government are dependant on the women to get as many soldiers as possible to fight in this hostile war and this might help in getting the role of women in society to improve for the better. We will write a custom essay sample on What can you learn from this source about attitudes to women in Britain in 1914? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main purpose of this source is to get more men into war by manipulating peoples mind through propaganda, censorship, morale, patriotism, and Jingoism. Its one of the ways the Government tried to cope with the war-effect. In title of the source to the ‘YOUNG WOMEN OF LONDON’ they have used bold, capital letters to emphasize that this source is directed at all the women in particular. In the first section it’s tying to say that if your son isn’t in military uniform, don’t you think he should be (at the women)? They tried to show this by using a direct method of grabbing attention. The words YOU and THINK are in bold capital and underlined letters because to stress the point of recruiting more men into war by persuading their partner/women to make them go. It’s like the government is pleading for recruitment. In the second that are trying to say that if he can’t be bothered to fight for beloved country and doesn’t think it is worthy is he really worthy of being a son or husband who will be needed in later life. If he doesn’t possesses the characteristics of being: strong, brave, willing, courageous and patriotic then he really can’t be called a man. The word worthy is underlined and in bold capital letters to get this point across. Thirdly in the next point it is trying to say you shouldn’t feel sorry for lonely girls/wives because their husbands or sons are doing their rightful and lawful duty of fighting for their darling country. Also it is referring to the women as YOU which is in bold and underlined to tell them that their men are fighting for them and are repaying back their love for them. Being lonely for the women is actually better because they have a commanding role of running the family back home. In the provenance it is basically if he doesn’t fight for his country (monarchy) then the women will also be neglected and left. If they don’t car about their country which gives them everything and how will they care about you. I think that the provenance is propaganda which is used to persuade and influence the minds of women. Finally it says ‘join the army TODAY’ which is saying that that women should convince the men so quickly that they instantly join the army. In conclusion I think that the attitudes to women in Britain in 1914 wasn’t much better as they were only were dependant by the Government in recruiting more men to war. Some women might not want to send their husbands to war and were forced as other families did and if they didn’t; their family reputation would be diminished. Others might argue that the attitudes changed because they had more family responsibilities and ran the house by paying the taxes, bills and working in factory. Also they might say that they have been treated well as women and have become more dependant and useful. Q3 Study Source C This Poster produced in 1915 I think that this poster is produced in 1915 because it has been one year in to the war and as Britain is coping with the war effects its wants more recruitment. The source is basically about women doing their bit for the war and they are getting themselves recruited. The purpose of this source is to get more men and women to help in fighting the war and is trying to say if a woman is doing it then more should do as they are doing it for their beloved country. Another reason it could be produced is that they want more women to work in factories and this in a way changed their role as by 1915, the new style of war meant needed them to fill in the gaps left by men such as working in factories, T-unions etc. Women were helping the war effort by doing jobs such as: Voluntary Aid Detachments (VADs) or First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY), and as drivers, cooks, mechanics and land army. Many women ‘munitionettes’ worked in the government’s munitions factories like it says on the poster’ learn to make munitions’ which is the most important job after the army of making the essential weapons needed to win the war. This was one way the Government was organising/financing and running the war. This picture essentially shows a happy women getting ready to put on her coat, ready to business for her country. This emphasizes patriotism and commitment the women are willing to take. In the background you can see people (men) leaving for the war and are getting cheered on as they go. This also shows the recruitment of soldiers the Government has made. Women also took on traditional men’s jobs and became firemen, coalmen and bus conductors to keep everything going perfectly back home. This was also a chance for women to shows that they can do men jobs and should have an improved role in society. This source compares with source b by because that this one is showing that women are doing their both whereas the other contrasts a bit and is saying women running land army will help win the war In conclusion I think the main purpose of this poster was for the Government to get more recruitment, men and women. How to cite What can you learn from this source about attitudes to women in Britain in 1914?, Papers

Miss Essay Example

Miss Essay CHAPTER 4 1) TERMINOLOGY Microcredit| The granting of credit, often without collateral, to low-income individuals or entrepreneurs. Microcredit also refers to microloan| Group lending| Group of individuals provide collateral for loans to members of that group through a group repayment pledge| Collateral| Asset pledge by a borrower to secure a loan| ROSCAs| Rotating savings and credit associations (Stokvel)Associations formed by a group of participants who agree to make regular contributions to a fund. The fund is given in part or in total to each contributor| Micro savings| Deposit services that allow low-income individuals to accumulate small amounts of money for future use. Often without a minimum balance| Micro insurance| Provision of insurance to low-income households| NASASA| National Stokvel Association of South Africa| SACCOL| Savings and Credit Cooperative League| SAMAF| South African Microfinance Apex Fund| 2) Motives behind savings decisions Insurance against disability, illness, sudden income losses * Protection against uneven income streams due to seasonal variations * Wealth accumulation to finance a household’s long term goals such as acquiring productive assets like land or housing, or consumer durables refrigerators * Savings for future investments and retirements 3) MEMBER-BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES * Stokvel * Cooperative financial institutions * Cooperative banks * Friendly societies * Mutual banks 4) STOKVEL We will write a custom essay sample on Miss specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Miss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Miss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A Stokvel is a group or association of individuals who make regular contributions to a pool of savings or common fund. Generally on a weekly, fortnightly or monthly. In many stokvels the pool is given total or in part to each contributor on a strictly rotational basis. 4. 1 FEATURES OF STOKVEL * The arrangement between the members of a stokvel is rarely formalized in a written agreement * Stokvel is directed by the common bond that exists between members * Strong social motives to participate The key economic reason for participation is to accumulate cash and obtain credit * Members of as stokvel who receive the pool of funds early in the stokvel cycle are in the position of borrowers * Members receiving the pool at a late stage of the cycle lenders 4. 2 TYPES OF STOKVEL * TRADISIONAL STOKVEL: Earliest form of stokvel and are general savings clubs that rotate pooled funds to members on a mutual agreed basis BURIAL SOCIETIES: Is established to assist members with funeral cost. Formed between people with a common bond such as same church. * INVESTMENT STOKVEL: save or bank the pool of savings with the objective of carrying out capital projects or investing in a business venture. Members are generally more affluent and make higher contributions 4. 3 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK According to the common bond exemption notice could be formal or informal rotating scheme , with social or economic functions * mutual support to each other towards the attainment of specific objectives * establishes a continuous pool of capital by raising funds with the subscription of its members * grant credit to and on behalf of the members * provide for members to share in profit and nominated management * relies on self-imposed regulation to protect the interest of the members The conditions applicable to stokvel Purpose of self-regulation, a stokvel must be a member of or affiliated to the NASASA * Must not allow a member at any time to withdraw his/her contribution * Benefits of t he members of the stokvel shall not be provided exclusively by ways of loans * Must keep accounting records that reflect the state of affairs * Must produce annual financial statements within 120 days of its financial year end * If the subscription from members is less than R3 million a report by an accountant and auditor is not required ) COOPERATIVE FINANCIAL INSTITUTION A association of persons who are united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspiration through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise. The values are self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity and solidarity. Cooperative members believe in the ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility and caring for others Cooperative financial institutions are offering banking related services to their members. They accept savings from their members and in turn provide them with credit facilities 5. 1 PRINCIPLES * voluntary and open membership and non-discriminatory membership * democratic member control * member economic participation * autonomy, independence, self-help organisation * education and training for cooperative members * elected representative * information provision to the pubic * cooperation among cooperatives to strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, national regional and international structures * concern for community The also adopt additional principles because they are operating as financial intermediaries * mutual aid * margin management * risk management 5. 2 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK According to the common bond exemption notice * Have a similar occupation or profession or common employer * Have a common membership in an association. Religious, social, cooperative, labour or educational group * Reside in the same defined community or district Conditions applicable to savings and credit cooperative Must be a member of SACCOL * Rules must not allow a member to withdraw his or her contribution at any time * Benefits must not be provided exclusively by way of loans that must be repaid * Must keep accounting records that reflect the state of affairs and business * Must produce annual financial statements within 120 days of the end of financial years * If the subscription from members is less than R3 million a report by an accountant and auditor is not required The COOPERATIVE FINANCIAL INSTITUTION are exempted from the Bank Act if they follow the conditions * Activities of financial services must be performed solely in respect of its members * Members must be of a defined geographical area. * They may not refer to itself as a bank * They may not hold deposits from members of more than 20 million * Must comply to the Cooperative Act They must submit itself to the supervision and regulations of the SAMAF * They must register as a Credit provider with the National credit Act 6) COOPERATIVE BANKS Cooperative banks: provide its members with a range of banking and financial services. The members are at the same time the owners and the customers of the bank. 6. 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF COOPERATIVE BANK * are of similar occupation or profession * are employed by a common employer * are employed within the same business district have common membership in an association or organization, including a business professional, religious, social or educational group * reside within the same defined community or geographical area 6. 2 FEATURES OF COOPERATIVE BANKS * Cooperative banks are customer-owned entities * Cooperative banks are under democratic member control * Cooperative banks allocate net profit to members * Cooperative banks are deeply rooted in their communities 6. 3 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK All Cooperative banks and cooperative financial institutions must be registered with the registrar of cooperative * Cooperative banks that have 200 members or more and that hold members deposits in excess of R20 million must be supervised by the Supervisor of Cooperative banks appointed by the SARB * Cooperative banks that have 200 members or more and that hold members deposits in excess of R1 million but less than R20 million must be supervised by the Supervisor of Cooperative banks appointed by the CBDA * Savings and credit cooperatives with 200 or less members and member deposits less than R1 million are supervised by SACCOL * Fin ancial service cooperative with 200 or fewer members and member deposits of less than R1 million are supervised by SAMAF 7) FRIENDLY SOCIETIES Also known as mutual aid societies are mutual assistance; the members share a common bond and are the owners of the society 7. 1 SERVICES INCLUDED * Providing relief during minority, old age, widowhood and sickness * Granting annuities and endowments * Payments on the birth of a child or death of family members * Payments of funeral expenses * Insurance of tools used in members trade * Financial assistance on resignation or dismissal * Unemployment relief * Provision of funds for education or training 7. 2 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK May offer relief in old age but may not provide retirement benefits * They are permitted to grant annuities, but the amount of the premium for which an annuity is provided may not exceed R5000 per member * They may offer long-term policies, including death, funeral , life, health and endowment policies, but th e value of policy benefits may not exceed R5000 8) MUTUAL BANKS As with banks mutual banks accept deposits from the general public, provide payment services such as cheques and electronic transfers and make available credit such as overdrafts, home, term or asset-backed loans. There are only two mutual banks in SA V GBS Mutual bank in Grahamstown and VBS Mutual bank in Mthatha 8. MUTUAL BANKS DIFFER FROM BANKS A) Ownership * Mutual banks are not required to be a public company as a bank. * Banks are owned by shareholders and shares are traded on the JSE. * Shareholders in banks share in the profit through dividends. * Mutual banks are owned by their members. * Members of mutual banks receive returns on their investments B) Minimum capital requirement * Mutual banks require R10 million * Banks require R250 million C) Basel 11 * Mutual banks are still being regulated and supervised under the 1988 Basel capital Accord * Banks are regulated under the amended capital accord 26 June 2004 8. 2 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Meet certain capital adequacy requirements * Maintain a minimum reserve balance of approximately 2,5 % * Hold liquid assets of not less than 5% of its liabilities to the public * Carry on its business subject to certain restrictions. May not be exposed to any individual person in excess of 10% of qualifying capital and reserves without board approval and in excess of 25% without approval of the Registrar of bank * Give detail monthly and quarterly returns showing various risk exposures 9. OTHER MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS Micro lenders make small amounts of credit available to low-income individuals. Loans are generally unsecured. Number of reasons why people do need loans. But in SA the micro lenders industry has a reputation for poor governance unsound credit risk management, exploitive and predatory lending practice All non-bank credit providers must register with the National Credit Regulator and comply with the National Credit Act accept if * Credit provider have fewer than 100 credit agreements * Credit provider has an outstanding loan book less than R500 000 9. 1 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT * A micro-insurance regulatory framework that strives to establish well supervised micro-insurers * Legislation to encourage greater completion in the retail banking sector * Deposit insurance to protect bank depositors in the event of a bank failure 10. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT A TYPICAL RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK of the MFI WOULD ADRESS THE FOLLOWING * Risk philosophy: The MFI belief, how do you do business * Risk appetite: This describes the amount of risk the MFI is willing to accept * Risk culture: This is the shared attitude, values, beliefs and practices how the MFI manage risk * Risk policies and principles: Principles that guide the MFI to provide a basis for consistent decision making and resource allocation * Risk management structure: This states the report line, roles, responsibilities and authority of the board * Staff and other resources: Competent and adequate staff with technical knowledge and experience