Steam Distillation Sample

Steam Distillation Paper Water was largely used as a solvent. A polar solvent used was Decontaminated. The drying agent used was Calcium Chloride. An acid and a base used were hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide, respectfully. The equipment used were a thermometer holder, separators funnel, classes adapter, 3-way adapter (distillation adapter), triple neck round bottom flask, west condenser, vacuum adapter, Erlenmeyer flask, mall 50 ml beaker, Bunsen burner, rubber tubing, clamp holder extensions, and graduated cylinder. For both parts of lab 4, the heating source was the hot plate, the substances were heated in a mall Erlenmeyer flask, filtered using filter paper and a funnel tit a neck, beakers, vacuum flask for additional filtration, and an electronic scale for weighing the crystals. The solvent used for both parts was 95% Ethanol that was also dripped on the crystals for purification. Ten tablets of aspirin were used in part one. Two grams of impure benzene were used in part two. Procedure: Lab 3 involved an intricate lab with many steps. We began by obtaining 75 grams of cloves and stuffing them into our triple neck round bottom flask. We will write a custom essay sample on Steam Distillation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Steam Distillation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Steam Distillation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then we poured 200 ml of water into the flask, put a stopper into 2 of the 3 necks except the middle one, and inserted a Classes adapter into that center neck. Into the Classes adapter went a separators funnel in one neck and a 3-way adapter in the other neck. The Separators funnel was filled with 50 ml of water. A thermometer and its holder were inserted atop the 3-way adapter for vapor temperature measurement. The side of the 3-way adapter was inserted into a west condenser, which itself was inserted into a vacuum adapter. The vacuum adapter was allowed to drip over an Erlenmeyer flask for collection of distillate. The entire setup was supported by clamp extensions holders attached at the neck of the triple neck round bottom flask and the vacuum adapter for axiom stability and minimal leakage of vapors. The Triple neck flask was elevated over a Bunsen burner as a heat source. The water in the triple neck flask was brought to a boil, while doing our best to keep it from foaming. The aim here was to distill 60 ml of distillate. As soon as we collected close to 30 ml of distillate we added an additional 50 ml of water into the triple neck flask from the separators funnel to keep the cloves submerged. Once the entire 60 ml of distillate was collected we needed to rid it of its water content. We transferred all of the distillate to our empty separators funnel. We added 15 l of Decontaminated to the separators funnel, inverted it (notice two layers forming), let the pressure out, and drained the organic material that was located at the bottom layer of the funnel into a separate collection beaker. This was done three times. For separate experimentation and reference of weight comparison a 5 ml sample of the not yet pure Gudgeon drawn from the collection beaker. After drying with Calcium Chloride the Decontaminated was boiled out on a hot plate, the remaining impure Gudgeon was weighed, and stored away for later experimentation. The remainder of the impure Gudgeon was treated with Sodium hydroxide to deportation the Gudgeon. This was done three times in the separators funnel adhering to the same principle of inversion and releasing the build up in pressure. However, from the two layers formed we expel the lower Decontaminated layer and kept the top aqueous layer each time. Afterward, the remainder of the depredation Gudgeon in the aqueous layer was acidified with Hydrochloric acid and tested for pH value with a piece of litmus paper. Adding 15 ml of Decontaminated three times, inverting, and draining the bottom layer each time then extracted the Gudgeon. To evaporate the Decontaminated we oiled the Gudgeon-Decontaminated mixture on a hot plate in a collection jar. The pure Gudgeon was then weighed. In part 1 of lab 4, we obtained ten tablets of aspirin to purify and 10 ml of 95% Ethanol to be our solvent. The tablets and Ethanol were mixed in an Erlenmeyer flask and heated until a gentle boil. The contents were then swirled to prevent bumping and promote even dissolving. We aimed for a clear liquid with white solid matter floating. As soon as this was achieved the contents of the flask was filtered through a funnel with a neck into a small beaker and allowed to cool to room temperature. While filtering we kept in mind not to allow any of the floating solid into the filtrate. In the process of cooling we watched out for crystallization. Once the beaker cooled to room temperature, to speed the process of crystallization, the beaker was immersed into an ice bath. After a few minutes, we believed the crystallization was at its maximum. We filtered out the crystals and allowed them to dry atop a vacuum flask on filter paper in a funnel. Air was continuously sucked out to promote drying. To aid the drying process the crystals were washed with drips of ethanol and evenly distributed across the liter paper with a spatula. After a wait time of around 10 minutes, we scraped the dry crystals of the filter paper and weighed them. All utensils were cleaned and made ready for part 2 of lab 4. In part 2 of lab 4, we had a similar process with some difference in solutes. We obtained 2. 0 grams of impure benzene and mixed it with 10 ml of Ethanol. The exact same process in part 1 was repeated in part 2. However, our aim in part 2 was to see a clear liquid with black powder floating, unlike that of part 1 . An additional difference was that we saved our crystals in part 2 for further experimentation at a later time. Class notes: Steam distillation is an ideal method when using two compounds that are immiscible (i. . , water oil or Benzene water). Benzene being the organic solvent that is non-polar and water the inorganic solvent that is polar, creates a dilemma since the two can-not be mixed together. When vaporizing something the vapor pressure must equal the applied pressure. This results in liquid turning to gas. If two immiscible compounds have the same vapor pressure then they will have the same boiling poin t. Another example would be water naphthalene, in which water depresses naphthalenes boiling point. When water boils it creates steam. This steam can be used to pick up particles. One can use steam distillation to pick up immiscible compounds. In our case, the solvent is water and the solutes are the cloves (potentially Gudgeon oil). Gudgeon oil can be used as an anesthetic. To release the contents of the cloves we can boil them. We can implement the Gaffing principle of heating the hell out of it. When a cell is heated at extreme temperatures it will else, resulting in the release of its inner contents. Gudgeon is an organic molecule consisting of a benzene ring, hydroxyl group, and methyl group for the most part. In addition, it is a derivative of phenol. The cloves also contain the derivative of Gudgeon, which is Acetic Gudgeon. Gudgeon has a very sharp boiling point of 255 degrees centigrade. One can purify a solid by the process of crystallization. To begin the process of crystallization, pick a solvent that will not dissolve the chosen solute at room temperature, but only when the solvent ; solute mixture is brought to a boil (reflux). Some common examples of solvents used with different boiling points are Ethanol, Citronella, Hexane, and Toluene. One should try to avoid water as a solvent due to its inorganic ; polar properties. A property desired from a solute is not to dissolve at room temperature, but only in a refluxing solvent. If the solute is not dissolving, gradually add more solvent to the refluxing mixture. Once no more solute is visible in the mixture that is a good indicator that it has all dissolved. Sometimes after the solute has dissolved there might be some contents still visible and floating in the solvent. These would normally be known as impurities (ex. Charcoal). Organic compounds are usually colorless or yellow. To rid the solvent of unnecessary impurities, one should quickly filter the mixture as soon as the solute has disappeared (dissolved). After filtration, one can promote crystallization by allowing the mixture to cool to room temperature. If there are not too many crystals visible at room temperature, one can place the solvent in an ice bath to aid the process. The crystals can be obtained by simply filtering them out of the solvent. Ethanol is great for washing and drying the crystals, since it will not dissolve them at room temperature. Our solutes in this lab are Aspirin and impure Benzene. An active ingredient in Aspirin is Ecstatically acid and the inactive ingredient is binder. Aspirin will not dissolve in Ethanol at room temperature. However, if one should bring Ethanol to a reflux, aspirin can be dissolved. Once aspirin is dissolved it will leave behind its binder floating. Binder should be filtered out. Each tablet of aspirin contains 325 MGM of active ingredient. We shall use 10 tablets, equating in ideal conditions to a 100% yield of 3. 25 grams. When using impure Benzene, Ethanol can be the solvent too. When Ethanol is brought to a reflux, the Benzene will dissolve and leave behind TTS impurities. The impurities remaining are charcoal due to the black color of the floating residue. The impurities are easily filtered out with a funnel and filter paper. Observations: In the steam distillation lab, our first observation was the color the water ; clove mixture when brought to a reflux. The mixture turned a dark brown color. Then once the distillation process was underway, we witnessed the distillate collected had a white milky substance floating. The milky substance was oil and the rest was water. We added Decontaminated to the mixture and noticed the oily layer separated from the water. The organic layer that contained the oil descended to the bottom and the inorganic layer rose to the top. Once we extracted the organic layer, we wanted to dry it with Calcium Chloride. This process yielded white particles resembling little Styrofoam specks floating on the surface of our organic extract. After extracting the chemically dried mixture and boiling out the Decontaminated, we treated the mixture with Sodium hydroxide. This reaction yielded two layers. The two layers consisted of Decontaminated on the bottom and an aqueous oily white layer on the top. We acidified the engaging aqueous oily layer with Hydrochloric acid and tested the pH level with litmus paper that turned pink. Once again the mixture was treated with Decontaminated, separating the contents into two layers. We extracted the organic layer and boiled out the Decontaminated yielding a yellow thin film of Gudgeon oil. In the crystallization lab, our first observation was the milky liquid that appeared once the aspirin began to dissolve in the refluxing Ethanol. Once all the aspirin dissolved, white binder residue remained floating. The binder was then filtered out, leaving behind a clear liquid. Crystallization began once the liquid started approaching room temperature. The greatest noticeable proliferation of crystals was when the mixture was placed in an ice bath. When the crystals were filtered out of solution they appeared white in color. As for the impure benzene crystallization, we observed dark impurities (charcoal) floating on the surface of the solution. Once the impurities were filtered out, we noticed a yellow clear liquid remaining. The crystals extracted by filtration from the yellowish liquid were yellow themselves. Results: 75 grams of cloves yielded . 05 grams of pure Gudgeon oil. 0 tablets of Aspirin totaling to 3. 25 grams of Ecstatically acid gave us a yield of . 94 grams. 2. 02 grams of impure Benzene gave us a yield of . 03 grams of pure benzene. Discussion: Through steam distillation, 75 grams of cloves (potential Gudgeon oil) gave us a yield of . 05 grams of Gudgeon oil. This creates a question in our mind. How come our yield was so minute? A few factors could come into play that would diminish our yield capacity. Factors such as a lack of control and impure chemicals used. The lack of control in particular would be poorly fastened joints or leaky hermetic holders allowing the escape of vapors, no vacuum-sealed system to protect the experiment from temperature fluctuation, impure glassware that could potentially contaminate the experiment, the poor reflux of the water/clove mixture resulting in the reduced pickup of Gudgeon by the vapor particles, and a poorly calibrated weighing apparatus. Impure chemicals such as reagents and solvents can play a factor in the pure isolation of Gudgeon from the cloves too. Impure Calcium Chloride would impede the drying process, Decontaminated would not separate enough Gudgeon out of the water, Sodium Hydroxide would to deportation enough Gudgeon, and Hydrochloric acid would not acidify enough back for Decontaminated to separate. In the crystallization experiments, 10 tablets of aspirin gave us . 4 grams that seemed like an extremely minute amount compared to the ideal 3. 25 grams we could have isolated in a perfect experiment. In the crystallization of Benzene, from the 2. 0 grams of impure Benzene we isolated only . 03 grams. We begin to wonder what could have gone wrong. Once again, a lack of control and impure chemicals used seemed to be the perfect suspects in our poor results. Some aspects of a ace of control would be not enough desired solute dissolving with our solvent, non- dissolved solute being filtered out with our residue of impurities, during filtration crystallization might have occurred causing crystals to be filtered out of the solution, room temperature might have been too low, which caused a rapid temperature drop that trapped impurities, and parts of the crystals might have been lost during the drying process within the vacuum flask. Lastly, the solutes or solvents used might not have been entirely pure resulting in poor isolation of our desired substances.

Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms Essay Example

Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms Essay Example Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms Paper Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms Paper A Situation comedy or sit-com as we know is based on real life non-fictional events and situations. There are many different elements that make sit-coms what they are. Sit-coms tend to revolve around two basic situations, within these situations, comedy is generated. These situations are usually located at home with family and at work. Some main sitcoms at present are Friends, My family and Alley Mcbeal. The family is portrayed as a stable situation able to bear the outside world because its strength comes from within. Despite the audience expectations a sit-com episode is mostly a self-contained classical narrative and is set in the same way. The settings tend to be interiors; this is usually because it is filmed in front of a live audience so they cant go from place to place. This also keeps down the cost of set construction and location shooting which makes sit-coms so appealing to television companies. The plots also tend to be based around very few characters. The characters themselves tend to be over exaggerated, stereotypical people, typical examples: The smart, witty, sarcastic character e. g. Chandler in Friends, Fraiser and Niles in Fraiser. There are usually un-intelligent and a not so bright, and there is usually somebody attractive whether it is a male or female to appeal to everyone. I will do a comparison of a British and American sitcom and see how their conventions work, based Fawlty Towers and Friends. During the mid 50s rivalry developed between the BBC and the fairly recently launched ITV. ITV was broadcasting the popular American sitcom called I Love Lucy, the BBC soon found that it was loosing viewers to ITV and therefore boosted production of sitcoms that include: Hancocks Half Hour, Dads army, Fawlty Towers, Porridge and many more which are still popular today. I love Lucy sparked off the production off these British sitcoms and maybe if it hadnt been broadcasted here in Britain then probably none of these famous British sitcoms would have been made. These sitcoms, however, differ quite significantly due to the country, which they originate from. The difference is due to the countrys culture and social background; we can explore this by viewing an American sitcom, Friends, and a British sitcom, Fawlty Towers. Fawlty Towers and Friends are two very successful sitcoms but if we investigate further into the two we find that they both have different impacts on the audience as some methods of creating humour differ. One of the main differences of the two, outside of creating humour, is that they are both based in different countries and different times. Friends is based on the youthful, vibrant city of New York, USA based in the late 90s, whereas Fawlty Towers is based in the retired, quiet town of Torquay based in the mid 70s. I will investigate both sitcoms by analysing each using characterisation, types of humour used, plot and mis-en-sci ne. Mis-en-sci ne is looking at how the sitcom is constructed, by setting, props, non-verbal communication and dress codes. Fawlty Towers is based in Torquay and is a hotel run by Basil Fawlty and his wife Sybil Fawlty also two other main characters are Polly and Manual who work at the hotel. Basil is a comic but key character; he plays a vital role in fawlty towers, Basil addresses a sarcastic approach most of the time when he is frustrated, worried or angered; when things do not go his way, and also when talking to people that he considers less respected than him e. g. : Manual, Polly etc. He also has the perfect image of what fawlty towers should be: successful and popular especially with the higher class. This causes him to constantly think about himself and the reputation of himself and the hotel. The humour which basil creates is usually physical; he is a tall man and walks with strides, which makes him stand out from everyone else. Sybil, Basils wife, who seems to be authoritative and firm with Basil this maybe due to the fact that she is usually more friendly and therefore more popular with guests and staff therefore they look up to her, more so than Basil. Basil also may be afraid that she might leave him and to prevent this he tries to be kind and obeys her commands but usually frustration or confusion get in the way which may create humour. Sybil herself is an elegant and well-presented woman, the fact that she is married to Basil, who may be the complete opposite, makes the sitcom more entertaining as it causes great confusion, lack of communication which leads to arguments between the couple which all create humour in different ways. Polly is a young well-mannered girl working temporarily at the hotel. She is polite and acts respectful to guests and staff a lot like Sybil but with a lot less experience of working in a hotel. The fact that she is a lot like Sybil again causes a slight inability to communicate to Basil, as he differs greatly, especially in front of guests, which creates humour. Polly is the youngest in the Fawlty Towers and lacks experience in the Hotel Business because of this she is usually ignored by Basil who considers her to be incapable of thinking of good ideas and doing things no matter how hard she works. Although she is the youngest main character in Fawlty Towers, she is actually not that young compared to Friends. This shows us that Friends is aimed at the youthful generation where as Fawlty Towers is aimed at the older generation. Fawlty Towers produces many different types of humour purely due to the characteristics of the main characters. If one of the characters were taken out of fawlty towers it wouldnt be able to achieve all of the types of humour it currently contains. For example, Basils role in the sitcom is to provide verbal wit, ludicrous and preposterous humour. Without this role its unlikely he could have made Fawlty Towers so popular. The humour used is very corny however is what works to make the audience want more, we hear canned laughter which also takes place a lot in Friends to prove when the audience should laugh and find something funny there is a laughter in the background. Friends is an organic plot. This means that the plots are not in such strict logic or structure, because of this it is apparent that we drop in every week to observe how each character is coping with their private lives and what they do in certain situations. The impression is given that the characters are there all the time but we view them at an unstructured and unedited part of their daily lives. This may be the case with friends but it is not, however, with fawlty towers. In fawlty towers the whole episode is based around a certain event and only, usually, contains one narrative whereas friends contains two or three narratives. In Friends various characters can relate to characters in friends; Joey and maybe Phoebe can relate to Manuel as they all create humour without meaning to. Chandler can relate to Basil as they both create sarcasm, irony and verbal wit therefore creating humour purposefully. Joey is a comic and youthful character as his main role in the sitcom is to create humour. This contrast of characteristics among the characters makes the sitcom more entertaining rather then them all being all the same which would make it less interesting as their lives would be similar. There are no main characters in Friends unlike Fawlty towers where the episode is normally set around Basil. In friends all of the characters are equal, there are exactly three girls and three boys and what one character has another one lacks. For example Joey is not clever but is fashionable and is a womaniser where as Chandler is clever but is not much of a womaniser. Both Friends and Fawlty Towers have the catchy theme tune in the beginning to set the scene, which gets the audience going before they start watching the sitcom. The aim of a sitcom is to make an audience laugh, by using stereotypes the viewer finds the characters funny due to them doing actions or saying something that reminds them of themselves or someone they know. The main contents of a successful sitcom are the characters, the way each character interacts with one another with a sitcom, the audience gets to know the characters, and know what to expect from them. The setting of a sitcom is generally in a similar environment that most people would go to, e. g. Scrubs is based in the workplace, Men Behaving Badly is set in a flat and the characters from Friends either meet up in a cafi or in their apartments.

Abraham Van Helsing Essay Example for Free

Abraham Van Helsing Essay Bram Stoker (35) , Lucy Westenra (6) , Count (5) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Innocence, chastity, purity, and married life are just a few things that made up the ‘image’ of the nineteenth century Victorian woman. During this time, it was greatly looked down upon if a woman chose to stay single, as she would be pitied and dubbed a â€Å"whore†. Lucy Westenra is one of the main characters in the novel, Dracula by Bram Stoker. Lucy is a beautiful young lady whose innocence and virtuous being draws three suitors to her. Although, this portrayed innocence is not the only thing that is drawing these men towards her. Lucy has a sexual appeal to her personality, much different than her best friend Mina Murray and the typical Victorian woman. This sense of sexual desire will eventually lead her right into the dangerous and evil arms of Count Dracula. The Count only has the ability to attack willing victims, which is why the sexually driven Victorian woman, Lucy Westenra is the first character to become victimized by Dracula’s deadly spell. Count Dracula was an evil, lustful vampire who wanted nothing but power and control. He lived in an Eastern European country called, Transylvania. The Count preyed on any individual who would make him feel in control and powerful of the situation. This is why Lucy Westenra was targeted and made Dracula’s first victim. The first peculiar account Lucy and Mina experience was when they see a Russian ship wrecked near the shore and hear that the there was no life aboard and the captain had died holding a crucifix in his hands. Soon after the account, Lucy started mysteriously sleep walking many night in a row into the grave yard near her home. One night, Mina had awoken the Rowatt 3 find Lucy missing and not in her bed, she then found her outside with a creature with beaming red eyes hunched over her. Mina tried to save her friend but by the time she got over there, the creature was gone. In the morning Mina had found strange dots on Lucy’s neck and after struggling for weeks Lucy became deathly sick and started to change before everyone’s eyes. Unknowingly, she was transforming into a super natural and dangerous form of herself while dead and lying in a cold grave. â€Å"Indeed, it is not only Lucy and Mina who are dramatically transformed in the draining, but Dracula himself, whose transformations are much more varied and complex than those of his victims.† (Pg. 238, Viragh) Count Dracula had stripped this woman of her innocence and virtue by changing her to an evil vampire just like him. Dracula now had control over Lucy but only because she was willing to let him control her. In the nineteenth century, straying away from who a woman is supposed to be according to the Roman Catholic Church is heresy. A woman was never to be with more than one man, but was to be married and completely faithful to her partner. This century was ruled by â€Å"the belief that an individual’s sex and sexuality form the most basic core of their identity, potentiality, social/political standing, and freedom† (Pg. 1, Ridgway) Lucy Westenra had a completely different mindset as she expressed in a letter to her dear friend Mina. â€Å"Why can’t they let a girl marry three men, or as many as want her, and save all this trouble?† (Pg. 66, Stoker) After Lucy states these words in her letter, she immediately admits to her thoughts and actions being heresy. Just because she confessed Rowatt 4 to this sin against the church and her beliefs does not simply alleviate Lucy’s sexual desire. This difference between Lucy and other nineteenth century virtuous women was not just a phase of rebellion, it was psychological. Lucy is fully aware that she is desired by many men and she lets that get into her head, essentially she is feeding off the attention. This vulnerability and openness is why Lucy Westenra is Count Dracula’s first and easiest target. The first time the Count starts to get into Lucy’s head is after her and Mina see the wrecked boat upon shore, containing the containers of dirt. These were Dracula’s sleeping quarters. This fact was not known by the women at the time, but soon after this event is when Lucy starts to sleep walk. This sleep walking is not a coincidence but is psychologically connected to her sinful desires of lustfulness. Count Dracula only has the power the attack willing victims, which could only mean Lucy knew in her subconscious what she was doing by going out to the cemetery at nights. This spell Dracula puts on Lucy is the same spell he put on the three women who now life in Dracula Castle with him. These women were just as innocent and virtuous as Lucy was and are now sex crazed and evil just as the Count is. This â€Å"spell† was a way to undermine women so that Dracula would feel powerful and controlling over them. In essence, Lucy Westenra was a seemingly virtuous nineteenth century Victorian woman who actually had underlying sexual desires. These desires made Lucy vulnerable to Count Dracula, who was consumed with gaining control over his victims. Because of her lustful manor, Lucy was drawn to the attack of Dracula and fell under his deep spell. From then on there was no turning back. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. 1897. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Viragh, Attila. â€Å"Can The Vampire Speak? Dracula As Discourse On Cultural Extinction.† English Literature In Transition, 1880-1920 56.2 (2013): 231-245. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. Ridgway, Stephan. â€Å"Victorian Sexuality† in â€Å"Sexuality and Modernity† originally written as a lecture for Sociology at Sydney University, 1996. Isis Creations. Web. 12 Nov. 2010. Abraham Van Helsing. (2016, May 08).

Reflection Paper #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection Paper #4 - Essay Example This thwarts economy and general development of the developing nations. As a new Chief Ethics Officer, I would empower institutions of anticorruption and give them authority in performing their functions without influence. It is worth noting that leaders are the ethics officers of their organizations they are given responsibility to manage them. In addition, I would advocate for the adoption of instrumental, law and order, caring, rules and independence to create good climate in the organization. Besides empowerment to improve ethical climate in the organization, I will also advance communication policies and procedures so that information can flow swiftly from, between managers and employees, and vice versa. Corruption was justified in Germany by 1999. This is because most operations of Siemens Global during this time were full of corruption and bribery. It is reported from the journal that Siemens Global channeled payments to governments, transferred money to foreign accounts and other government officials to bribe them so that they secure contracts of various kinds. A radical change in the organizational policy will change employees’ behavior towards an ethical climate. This helps to shift and refine the organization ethical climate too. In the recent past, Siemens has joined the corporate ethics initiative in Russia. This initiative aimed towards fostering an ethical climate in its organization. It has also influenced many companies, which will soon join the initiative with an aim of increasing their participations in ethical matters. Most global companies such as Siemens believe on the profitability of their business activities, which go hand in hand with the company’s reputation. Therefore, there is need for companies to embrace ethical climate in their financial matters. This will in turn create regulations regarding the proper handling of the financial matters. As a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of my company, I will

Documentary Film assignment (Roger and Me) Movie Review

Documentary Film assignment (Roger and Me) - Movie Review Example The film counteracts the modern management and moral pragmatism all in opposition to the mentality in the search for excellence. In the real sense, this movie comprises of corporate newspeak message. Analysis of the importance of profits in the large corporations at the peril of the workers life in provided. In this interesting documentary, there is a procedural indicator of daily flaws in the society. Moore deploys dialects in the film medium to label the face of true capitalism in real life. The most outstanding scene is where Smith gives a speech in Christmas television while, on the other hand; Moore demonstrates the eviction of GM worker. There is a direct correlation between the manipulative nature of corporates and Christmas ceremony hence justifying some heartless nature. Moore is more of a critic unto the stakeholders in the American corporate world. As per the film there is much negativity with some minimal truth hence Moore proves to be unfair. He is also an individual who portrays that corporate neglects and poverty counts as sins hence appeals to minimal

Importance of computer in education system Essay Example for Free

Importance of computer in education system Essay The computer and its related technologies are now such an integral part of every day life that it must be an ingredient in educating for participation in present and future society. For educators it is a tool for lesson preparation: research information on any topic find activities to print and use gather ideas used by other teachers for presenting lessons using word processing, page layout and presentation software to produce activity pages and audio/video lesson presentations The internet in particular keeps teachers up to date when they join in on forums and blogs about teaching practices etc. Online courses are also available for adding to teaching credentials. (This is a boon for those who are not living close enough to a large city centre where classes, conferences and meetings can easily be attended. ) For students, access to computer (and in particular internet technology) at school can be a great leveler. While most students are comfortable using the computer, those who do not have one at home are at a disadvantage for completing assignments that require research and producing a printed document. The computer can be a tool for learning in many areas of the curriculum: math teachers should take advantage of the opportunity to allow students to create spreadsheets to manipulate data formal teaching in the finer points of using word processing and presentation software to produce polished presentations of creative writing or research reports would prepare students to meet the expectations of the business world music classes can be dynamic when students are given the opportunity to explore composition using computer software. Learn about varieties of music by listening to files available on the internet set up pen pals in another city or country for their students to learn communication skills (also a great way for students who are learning another language to practise by chatting with another student Teachers are constantly discovering new ways to integrate computers into their programs. In todays education the computer has become the new pencil and paper, text book, library and in many cases   teacher.

Super Athletes :: Essays Papers

Super Athletes In the last ten years there has been a drastic change in professional athletics. Players are coming out of college much bigger, faster, and stronger than players of the past. When players reach the High School level of sports it is forced upon them that their sport is twelve months long, and it is basically a job. Players are expected to run and condition, as well as lift weights every day in the off-season. Players training so hard and so much they come out of college fully matured and developed. Jevone Kearse of the Tennessee Titans was given the nickname, â€Å"The Freak, due to his massive size, amazing speed, and phenomenal strength his rookie year in the NFL. Players are much bigger than they were twenty years ago. In 1979 the NFL's heaviest offensive lineman, Max Montoya of the Bengals, weighed 285 pounds. At the NFL scouting combine in February, 48 of 53 offensive linemen weighed more than 300 pounds (Oehser 2). The receivers are still fast, and the fastest guys these days are generally as fast as they were then. The difference is in who is running these speeds. As an example former Cowboys wide receiver and Olympic gold-medal sprinter Bob Hayes, ran a 4.4 forty yard dash, and he weighed 185 pounds. Jevon Kearse is 30 pounds heavier and he runs only 3/10 of a second slower in his forty yard dash (Oehser 2). Athletes are driven by a fierce competitiveness to achieve at the highest levels. Athletes in professional sports getting bigger, faster, and stronger, has led to drastic changes in the entire world of sports. More frequent and severe injuries are occurring, which is leading to changes in rules, and proposed changes for current rules. Equipment has also changed along with demands according to the physique of the players. Some have proposed changes in size and dimensions of the playing field in both the NHL and NBA. As players continue to get bigger, stronger and faster, the collisions between them cause more and more serious injuries. In the first four weeks of play in the NFL in 2001 there were 22 serious injuries, with five cases resulting in broken bones, eleven players tearing ligaments in their knees, and six severe sprains (King 106). With bone shattering collisions due to increased player speed and size, leagues have been forced to change rules and policies on hitting and contact between players.

L.A. Candy Summarization

L. A. Candy is one of a trilogy series written by Lauren Conrad. The author was inspired to write this book due to the fact that she participated in two reality television series, Laguna Beach and The Hills. The genre of this novel is young-adult literature. Jane Roberts and Scarlett Harp just graduated from high school and move to L. A. to begin an active new life style. Jane works for an event planner, Fiona Chen while Scarlett studies at the University of Southern California. A producer of an upcoming reality series came across the girls at Les Deux Nightclub and presented the idea of being apart of his new series know as L.A. Candy. The girls were thrilled with the idea but little did they know the malicious plots the Hollywood lifestyle had to offer. The series created a somewhat artificial friendship with Madison Parker, a charming but vicious celebutante and Gaby Garcia, a typical â€Å"dumb blonde. † Jane meets Jesse Edwards, a notorious playboy and falls madly in love , but when Jesse flirts with two blonde bimbos at his twenty first birthday, Jane is hurt beyond repair. Madison, craving attention, makes a malevolent deal with the Gossip magazine publisher, Veronica Bliss.This deal entitled Madison leaking pictures of Jane hooking up with Jesse's best friend Braden after his twenty first birthday when she was feeling desperate and vulnerable. Madison knew this would destroy Jane's career but she yearend for a cover in the magazine and this was the only way she could accomplish her goal. In the end, the news got around Hollywood faster than the bubonic plague and Jane was devastated. I recommend this novel to anyone who watched Lauren Conrad's reality television series The Hills and enjoyed the non-stop gossiping and ludicrous fights.The novel gives a superb insight into the behind-the-scenes look of a reality television show such as, the scripted scenes and the constant annoyance of cameras and paparazzi. Any teenage girl who is interested in the Hollywood scene would be infatuated with this novel as it has an unexpected story line and dramatic events. The characters are relatable and it is extremely simple to immerse yourself into the world in which the girls live in. Lastly, this book was number one in the New York Times Bestseller and I would highly encourage anyone who appreciated this novel to read the whole series.

Operations management Essay

McDonald’s Corporation is the world’s largest chain of fast-food restaurants. They’ve proudly served more than 46 million customers in 59 different countries and currently have more than 30,000 different locations worldwide. The fast food industry is booming at a rapid rate, especially the health conscious food options. With this in mind, McDonald’s has a strategic plan to stay on top of their competitors by providing consumers with affordable prices, great service, and more healthy meal options. McDonald’s is competitive in many categories, including price, quality, management and employee training. Consumers trust McDonald’s products because they use many of the same trusted brands that families buy at local grocery stores. Operations Strategy â€Å"In many companies, the key to success is often an operations-based advantage. Superior operations effectiveness not only serves to buttress a company’s existing competitive position, but, when based on capabilities that are embedded in the company’s people and operating processes, is inherently difficult to imitate.† –R. H. Hayes and D. M. Upton, â€Å"Opeations-based Strategy.† California Management Review, Summer, 1998. McDonald’s utilizes an excellent operations strategy in order to gain a larger market share and increase value to the shareholders. The corporation specifically focuses on speed, standardization, quality, and affordability. McDonalds has moved ahead of the competition by focusing on these factors. McDonald’s competes on three main bases, such as speed, affordability, and standardization, mainly to make their customers happy. Through extensive market research and surveys, the organization discovered that its customers desired speed as one of the restaurants’ top priorities. Therefore, McDonald’s vision aims to â€Å"provide fast, friendly and accurate service† (â€Å"McDonald’s Worldwide†). McDonald’s realized that specific targets are necessary to measure the performance of speed; therefore, they continuously take relevant measurements to compare actual performance with desired targets. From the customer’s order, to the making of the burger, and till the customer leaves the restaurant, speed is a key factor in McDonald’s operation strategy. To reduce the amount of time it takes to provide services, the company uses standardized training processes for its employees and new drive-thru layouts. Along with speed, McDonald’s also competes by offering prices at a low cost. McDonald’s organization recently underwent drastic strategy changes to better serve their customers. Under their previous system, the company would make several sandwiches at once, and hold the sandwiches in a warming bin until purchased by a customer. Under this system, management had to precisely predict how much food had to be put on hold. Precise prediction had to be used because if there were not enough food placed on hold, this would create the problem of increase waiting times for customers, and too much food would cause waste of expired items. McDonald’s dramatically changed their strategy in order to stay competitive with other fast food organizations. Product development Organisations exist to provide products and services which can be purchased by other organisations or an individual. Therefore planning of products and services is one of the most important operations of any organisation. It involves designing products with both economy and quality in mind, which a customer will find attractive, be able to understand and quickly able to use with minimum risk and which delights him or her by its performance or flavour or durability etc. (Bicheno, 2002; p51) In McDonald’s Restaurants, product development is a key operation. It has to keep on adding new products to its menu so as to meet the needs of the customers as their needs and preferences are constantly changing. For instance, the increasing preference of consumers towards healthy food made the restaurant add healthier food items to its menu. Similarly it has to add new products for different seasons, for examples hot coffee in winter and milkshakes in summer. Capacity Control The second operation decision important for organisations is capacity planning. Capacity planning and control is the task of setting the effective capacity of the operation so that it can respond to the demands placed upon it. This normally means determining how the operation should respond to fluctuations in demand. Operations managers usually distinguish between short, medium and long-term capacity decisions. For short- and medium-term capacity planning, the capacity level of the operation is adjusted within the fixed physical limits that are set by long-term capacity decisions. This is also referred to as aggregate planning and control because it is necessary to aggregate the various types of output from an operation into one figure. (source: http://www.mas.dti.gov.uk/content/resources/categories/fact/FACT_Capacity_planning.html) In McDonalds Restaurant, the operations managers have to set its capacity of making food items in such a way that it responds quickly to the demands of those items in peak hours which is very important for a fast food restaurant like McDonalds. It also have to make sure that it has enough stock of ingredients to prepare food items which is very important because if one ingredients fall short then the whole process of making food may halt. For instance if the buns required for making hamburgers falls short then the restaurant may not be able to sell any hamburgers even if it has enough quantities of other ingredients. Facility location Location planning is one of the important operations that every organisation carries out and it is essentially one of the critical success factors for any organisation. Success or failure of any organisation may well depend on the location where it is situated. Therefore it is very important for businesses to choose an ideal location. Businesses may choose location on the basis of various factors such as proximity to the source of raw material, cost-effectiveness, proximity to customers or suppliers, competition in the area, transportation availability and cost, availability of resources, and availability of right labour. McDonalds Restaurants also have to plan their location in such a way so that maximum customers visit their restaurants. Therefore McDonalds prefer locations such that it can have large customer base, transport access and availability of parking space. Moreover it also prefers locations that are suitable for raw material delivery that is availability of ample space for deliveries of raw material. Process design: After developing the product the businesses have to develop processes for making and supporting the product. Organisations have to identify appropriate processes which will be needed to achieve required level of output of the planned goods and services at right quality standards. Organisation considers both the traditional methods in which the organisation has handled and processed its products and services and the possible alternatives which currently present themselves. That is, it considers the advancement of technology, computing power, and evolving managerial expertise. Bicheno, 2002; p99 In McDonalds restaurant also, the operations manager develop and establishes the process of cooking food items so that food is prepared using that method which helps them to maintain the speed and the quality of the food. Moreover it also designs processes so that the health, safety and hygiene issues are taken into consideration. Also the managers keep on introducing latest equipments with the advancement of technology so as to bring pace, perfection and quality in the product. Layout Design Layout is the arrangement of facility to provide working, service and reception, storage and administrative areas. The layout is designed by traditional techniques using templates, scale plans, string diagrams, and travel charting as they have been proved as low-cost methods of achieving either optimal or near optimal layout plans. Poor layouts can greatly reduce the overall capacity and overall productivity. Therefore care must be taken by organisation when designing layout. (Bicheno, 2002; p121) In McDonalds Restaurant also layout designing is a very important operation. A proper layout of the equipments in the kitchen is very essential to ensure preparation of quality food in less time. It also designs its layout keeping in mind the health and safety issues. It also designs layout in such a way that needs of supervision is minimised. Another factor that is considered is the cost of production which also depends on the layout. . Inventory Management Inventory management is another important operation of any organisation. It involves choosing the best method of inventory control. While choosing the method of inventory control, the organisations must keep in mind the expected demands of the products. The basis on which the organisations choose their methods of inventory control may differ but the common idea is to ensure that the mix of inventory types is able to satisfy customer needsand deliver the required profitability and cash flows. In McDonalds the inventory is managed on the basis of First-In-First-Out basis. This is because most of the inventory consists of perishable items. Therefore delivery of inventory happens thrice or more times a week depending on the business of the restaurant. Moreover inventory is stored in freezer with proper packaging so as to ensure freshness of the food items. All this activities comes under inventory management of the organisation. Quality Management Quality management consists of maintaining the quality of the goods and services so as to meet the minimum requirements laid by the industry. Moreover it is important so as to keep up the reputation of the organisation. To manage and maintain the quality of the products and services the organisation may adopt a number of practices like quality checks procedure etc. Quality in McDonald restaurant is very important because of two reasons. Firstly because of the legal requirements of the quality of food served. Secondly ,to keep up the good reputation which McDonalds restaurants have earned over the years. Quality of food can be very difficult to maintain and therefore McDonalds restaurant carry on a number of practices to make sure that quality food is served. Some of these practices are the visits by the food inspector from the head office, supervisor checks etc. Maintenance Maintenance means preservation of the things in the organisation. In simple words, maintenance is way of protecting your production workers, office workers, drivers, and all the other users of your organization’s assets. (http://www.maintenanceresources.com/ReferenceLibrary/MaintenanceManagement/The_Battle_of_Maintenance.htm) In McDonalds, there are several equipments that are used for the preparation of food. Therefore it is very important to maintain and service those equipments so as to maintain the quality of the product, safety of the employees and to avoid further costs of repairing machines. Another important things that needs maintenance are hygiene, costs, quality etc. CONCLUSION: Therefore we conclude that operations management is very important for any organisations as they have a relationship with the overall strategy of the organisation. Operations management contributes to the strategy and therefore helps the organisation to gain competitive advantage. For instance, process planning can help the organisation reduce cost and gain cost advantages and therefore gain competitive advantage. Therefore the organisations must effectively manage the operations of the business as it has a massive effect on the strategy of the organisation Bibilgraphy Chase, R., Jacobs, F., Aquilano, N. Operations Management for Competitive Advantage (10th Edition). McGraw-Hill Irwin; Boston; 2004. Howard, Lisa. â€Å"Suppliers.† June 19, 2003. Accessed online on November 8, 2004 at: . Kerin, R., Berkowitz, E., Hartley, S., Rudelius, W. Marketing (7th Edition). McGraw- Hill Irwin; Boston; 2003. Lessnau, Ronald, Current McDonald’s Owner. Personal Interview â€Å"McDonald’s Worldwide Corporate Responsibility Report 2004.† Accessed online on October Phillips, Eddie, Prior McDonald’s Manager, Personal Interview, Phillips, Kenny, Current McDonald’s Manager. Personal Interview, October 27, 2010 â€Å"Restaurant Management.† McDonald’s Restaurant Management Careers. Accessed online Zuber, Amy. â€Å"Big Mac, Big Value: McD to Lower Prices;† Accessed online at http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles /mi_m3190/is_50_35/ai_80748686. View as multi-pages Topics in this document

Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay Research Paper Example

Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay Research Paper Example Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay Paper Harry Potter and Culture Industry Essay Paper Harry Potter – this name is familiar with all the age groups in the universe today and the ground behind it is good known to all of us. The Harry Potter book series written by a individual female parent J. K. Rowling. who wouldn’t have imagined in her wildest dreams that a narrative she thought of while going in a train. would derive so much popularity. So much so that her character and her name would go a family name across the Earth! J. K. Rowling Harry Potter books came into the market in 1998. The first portion called Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone gained a batch of popularity with the childs and easy with the grownups excessively. Due to its immense success it was converted into a gesture image as good and so the first film when on to let go of in the twelvemonth 2001. Subsequently the other parts ( books ) were out in the market and the films started let go ofing every bit good. Of class it was after the colossal success of the initial books that J. K. Rowling was encouraged to compose on the farther parts. So what is it in Harry Potter that attracts so much attending? Or what is it that makes people want to read a 600-700 pages long book once more and once more. This isn’t merely a individual book we are speaking about. but every book in the series is read all over once more by people repeatedly. These books tell us the narrative of an orphan. Harry who lives with his aunt Petunia and uncle Vernon. and non to bury his immense sized cousin Dudely with a nut sized encephalon. He leads a suffering life until the he turns 11. when he realizes that he is really a ace. : He is admitted to the Horgwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. So follows his journey of charming experiences. Very alone but waxy characters are introduced in the book in Rowling’s ain manner. The books detailing his experiences at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry have bred passion. compulsion. creativeness. and a new or renewed involvement in reading throughout the universe. JK Rowling has created an luxuriant dramatis personae of characters and an environment for them to populate that entreaties to grownups and kids likewise. The fantasy facet of the wizarding universe expands the imaginativeness. and transports the head to new and exciting topographic points ; presenting thaumaturgy opens new kingdoms of possibilities within the secret plans. Anything could go on. Her intricate narratives contain strands of the credible and incredible. changing the predictability that readers normally encounter and endure in fiction. Harry Potter Movie Poster These factors contributed to the â€Å"Harry Potter Phenomena† which really swept across the universe every bit shortly as the film series became immense hits! Young kids started placing with Harry’s shy but brave character. The terrifying Lord Voldemort and how he is after Harry’s life. after holding murdered his parents when Harry was a babe. The artlessness of school life along with the mixture of thaumaturgy. hit children’s heads like the Magic Bullet Theory. wherein. the information seen by audiences hits their heads like slugs and penetrates within. At the same clip. the subjects driving the narratives resonate with authoritative literature. offering mature readers narratives that wear like a comfy brace of places. while presenting younger readers to constructs they will meet throughout their lives. The chief subject of the series is the topic of many theories. including. but non limited to: good versus immorality. bias. love. decease. forfeit. friendly relationship and trueness. In actuality. all of these elements contribute to the dateless nature of the narratives. As and when the books started acquiring truly celebrated with a specific mark audience. the first large spring that was taken to spread out the full Harry Potter construct were the films. When the films were made they went on to snap with the younger every bit good as the older audiences. One portion after the other. the films became darker easy fring the initial happy and bright visual aspect. They now started looking more â€Å"real† and â€Å"practical† . There was a feel of â€Å"there is more to Harry Potter† than what you expect. The screens of all books started holding two versions. one which was bright and the other dark and cryptic so that the books would appeal to grownups as good. Slowly there was Harry Potter everyplace! There was Culture Industry get downing to take topographic point because of the full Harry Potter construct. By Culture Industry we mean that all of a sudden a peculiar thing which is highly popular is produced in forepart of us in many different ways. It is â€Å"claimed† by the several manufacturers that their merchandise is alone and adds more to a peculiar franchise. This construct focuses on media and selling. Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno specify the Culture Industry through its focal point on the media and mass selling. This industry is alone in that it does non reflect economic procedures and basically becomes homogeneous ; therefore. fluctuation is nonmeaningful. The Culture Industry is characterized by three specific thoughts: Monopoly. Mass Production. and Technology. So there is lesser control over production of certain merchandises and lesser control in the market. Hence when a certain merchandise is freshly launched in the market. people rush to buy it and research that peculiar merchandise. So what happens when the freshness of that merchandise wears off? Simple. another merchandise is launched in the market and promoted on its â€Å"unique† belongingss. But the existent gimmick here is that every merchandise is about similar to one another. but it is sold as being different from the old one. Hence people are urged to purchase them. This besides gives them another merchandise in topographic point of the old 1. This is termed as â€Å"Pseudo Singularity† justly intending false uniqueness. This is how the civilization industry besides called as Mass Industry works. When Culture Industry meets something like Harry Potter. what is created is a immense successful mass industry which becomes vastly moneymaking and popular. Besides when the topic is like Harry. who chiefly entreaties to people due to his emotional entreaty. his belief in friendly relationship. love and courage. These are the factors on which assorted merchandises apart from films like ware are publicized to people. There are Harry Potter subject based amusement Parkss. the costumes. competitions to prove your HP cognition. digital games and web sites like Pottermore where you really live Harry’s life. You are sorted into different houses merely like in the book and you face different escapades like Harry. There are things taken from the book which will entertain and divert people. Like the broom used to play the game Quidditch once more an fanciful construct of a game like football but you are really winging on broom handles. Harry Potter wands. cards. chapeaus. spectacless and the celebrated cicatrix which Harry have all became trade goods and we are expected to buy them. The chief aim here is to do people experience like Harry himself. Examples of assorted Harry Potter Merchandise So even if J. K. Rowling has completed her set of books. manufacturers still want to harvest the net incomes from this topic. Hence. even after she officially completed her books. due to enormous response and popular demand she wrote another book where people know what happens after Harry defeats Lord Voldemort and finishes his surveies from Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. So much is the popularity of Harry Potter. Not merely Harry. but other chief characters like Hermoine and Ron ( Harry’s best friends ) . Professor Dumbledore. Hagrid. Sirius Black etc have gained a connect with the audiences. There is a feeling generated that â€Å"my best friend to necessitate to be like Ron† or â€Å"I wish I could analyze magic† . This feeling of longingness is usurped but the manufacturers to lend more to the civilization industry! These feelings are so used by the people to bring forth more and more net incomes. therefore trips to the palace where Harry Potter was shot are arranged. Though a peculiar location is non used continuously in the films. they keep altering. but so much is the fad that people travel all the manner to Scotland merely to see where their Hero spent this school yearss. All in all a different civilization itself is created and we don’t recognize it. Such is the nature civilization industry and it prevails n today’s universe to a much greater extent. The chief feeling of Love ever triumphs over the evil makes Harry Potter what it is. I would wish to stop my seting in a celebrated commendation in the book- It is our picks that show what we genuinely are. far more than our abilities. J. K. Rowling. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. 1999. spoken by the character Albus Dumbledore This is one of the most celebrated quotation marks from the series and justly. it is our picks that make us who we are. Peoples chose to love Harry Potter even though the full construct being fanciful because it has appealed to their Black Marias. It is this emotional factor which makes us give in to the ‘market and producers’ but in the terminal. they are our picks. aren’t they?

Linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Linguistics - Essay Example Basically, ads in the newspapers are very concise and very informative. It is very important to enable people to read information quickly and correctly. Very often in printed media a strategy of noun-phrases ‘squeezing’ is used, for example: Larger- than- life comedienne Joe Brand (Saks, 2010). This strategy kills two birds with one stone: we save words and we also appeal for the readers attention from the very beginning of our story. In the story from a newspaper, it is possible to see the exact structure. There are the following main elements of the article/story in the newspaper: abstract-setting-complicating action-resolution-coda. Abstract of the story combines the headline and the lead sentence. We provided a piece of text from the newspaper in the Appendix I and it is evident that in the first paragraph attention of readers is grasped for sure. The author introduces a special quote, which proves that his further claims underline the importance of the story. Then the author introduces a subhead, which organizes the story. It is also evident that the author prognosticates further development of events and confirms its reliability. This newspaper article presents the authors different claims as he changes directs speech and indirect speech. Moreover, he introduces another subheading in the middle of the article: "Frozen in Time" and in such a way he attracts attention of the readers and reminds them about din osaurs that are the basic objects of the article. Both, the ideas of detective stories and glimpses of paleontology are combined. With this citation: "You take all these bits of evidence and reconstruct the past" the author draws parallels between the science of paleontology and gives some hints on a detective story. Of course, when we talk about language of media the first thing, which comes to our minds, are original headlines. Very often puns or alliteration are used there as attractors

Organizational Context For Distant Learning System. (ABC Mobiles Essay

Organizational Context For Distant Learning System. (ABC Mobiles context analysis) - Essay Example ABC Mobiles has recently ordered a detailed consultancy report to assess the needs and requirements of their organization for a distant learning system. ABC Mobiles is a renowned supplier of mobile telephones in the region and has a vast network of it regional offices, contractors and franchise partners all around the country. Moreover, the company also exports mobile telephones to many countries around the globe. The company has introduced a vast range of products in the market and has to introduce new products periodically to all partners, stakeholders and customers in order to seize new customers and capture new markets. However, the help and support of all previous products pose a serious challenge to the management and because new products are very frequent, these challenges are a common feature of corporate operations. In order to support all these products support operations the company has to held seminars and workshops to give orientation to the customer and retailers. Besid e the product help and support operations the company launches programs at regular intervals for the training of sales, marketing and technical staff. The company has to incur a lot of expense to conduct these training programs in order to keep its work force vibrant and updated on various developments and advancement being introduced in their respective fields of expertise. Keeping your workforce at educated and updated is the most important requirement in today’s rapidly changing world. Dam (2005) has stressed the same need, when he states, â€Å"The adoption of new technologies, the rapid obsolescence of knowledge, the need for just-in-time learning and the search for cost-effective ways to meet the learning needs of a global workforce have redefined the processes that underlie the design, development and delivery of training and education.† Therefore, learning is an indispensible exercise that ABC Mobiles will have to undertake to keep pace with the changing global learning requirements. A major aspect of modern learning modals is their cost-effective mode of conduct. Organizations despite being aware of the important role of trainings, workshops and courses, tend to cut costs over the training because a major portion of this training expense is drained in transportation, accommodation and other miscellaneous daily expenses of the distant participants of the course or training workshop. Organizations are now moving towards the online trainings, courses, workshops and seminars in order to control the surplus expenses that were not truly educational in nature. â€Å"Online training is growing in popularity and can reach the audiences in a very cost effective manner. Online training allows for customization of location, language, employee function and subject matter.† (Biegelman & Daniel, 2008, p. 192). This changed learning modal is extensively applicable in ABC Mobiles. The ABC Mobiles can exploit flexibility and ease of use that online learning systems can offer. This flexibility can be especially beneficial in organizations like ABC Mobiles that operates round the clock in various time zones and it is usually difficult to schedule a course or training using video conferencing. Online learning systems can deliver these training and courses within selected time slots or at a user request. ABC Mobiles constantly allocates considerable financial and human resources to keep these traditional learning programs running but yet the company is falling far behind in meeting the